Ethical Principles And Standards Of The Educational Research

Ethics must be applied at all stages of research, from planning to evaluation of the research project; data collection methods as part of the investigative process must be guided by the ethical principles and standards of the educational research. According to the American Educational Research Association (2011), there are twenty two ethical standards, which were created to ensure the validity, honesty, and reliability of all stages of the research process. there are several examples of the impact of ethical standards on data collection methods (Resnik, 2011): Informed consent and public communication: to implement any of the data collection methods, the researcher needs to explain in detail the pursues of the research, the characteristics of data collection method that he or her intend to use, and finally he or her must obtained the authorization or consent. To implement a survey, an interview, questionnaires, the researcher must ask for the verbal consent. During the observation process or a document review a verbal consent will be enough, but sometimes a writing consent might be necessary (Fremgen, 2011). These day technology is part of our lives, telephone or online surveys are pretty common actually; in this case, the researcher must ask for a verbal consent during the telephone survey, but he or her will need an electronic consent to apply an online survey. Also, researchers should be aware that any information that is published through any media must be accurate;Show MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Special Education879 Words   |  4 PagesSpecial education is an ethically and politically complex area of professional education (Paul, French, Cranston-Gingras, 2001). Critics have claimed that special education does not benefit student with disabilities and should be renounced for ethical reasons (Gartner Lipsky, 1989). Others assert that special education is unethical because it stigmatizes and segregates minority students and violates the rights of children (Grossman, 1998; Granger Granger, 1986). On the other hand, proponentsRead MoreEthics in Educational Research1608 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in Educational Research The relationship between ethics and research is one of the most important problems faced by educational researchers. The demand for accountability and ethical responsibility in research is valid and has become irresistible, as instances to the contrary have resulted in impaired research opportunities, infringement on the autonomy of peoples studied, and in some instances harm to research participants (Howe Moses, 2002). Many education associations have their own codesRead MoreEthical Values, Rules, Conduct, Behavior, And Formal Laws800 Words   |  4 Pageslaws are words that define ethics. Some people ethical morals mature through life experiences and growth. Ethics are taught at home, at school, in church, or in other social surroundings. Other ethical principles are deception which is the act of being untruthful, informed consent is granting permission or an act of willing participation, and debriefing which is communicating information to others. This essay briefly discusses al l four ethical principles that must be considered when conducting businessRead MoreChallenges Facing the Accounting Profession Today700 Words   |  3 Pagesbe done to address an ethical dilemma and specifically one involving one student observing another accounting student cheating on a test. I. Challenges the Accounting Profession Faces It is reported that organizations face a growing challenge for the recruitment, development and retention of finance professionals due to the rapid changes taking place in the accounting profession according to the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Findings in the ACCA research report entitled A ChangingRead MoreNational Association Of Social Workers1191 Words   |  5 Pagesvalues on which social work’s mission is based. 2. The Code summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the profession’s core values and establishes a set of specific ethical standards that should be used to guide social work practice. 3. The Code is designed to help social workers identify relevant considerations when professional obligations conflict or ethical uncertainties arise. 4. The Code provides ethical standards to which the general public can hold the social work profession accountableRead MoreEthics Of The Health Care Industry995 Words   |  4 Pagesthe health care industry are one of the most important cornerstones of patient care. Making ethical decisions, being vigilant in the lack of ethical decision making, and being proactive in the reporting and advancement of ethical practices are important factors for marketing professionals such as physicians and other health care professionals to be wary of. Conduct by pharmaceutical representatives and ethical practices in the marketing of pharmaceutical drugs have been revamped over several decadesRead MoreProfessional : Self Assessment And Professional Standards1111 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Dispositions: Self-Assessment and Professional Standards For many years the question has been asked, what is necessary for a teacher effectively accomplish successful instruction in the classroom? â€Å"In the early 1990s the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) offered an answer: dispositions† (Bercaw, L. Schussler, D. and Stooksberry, L. 2010. p. 350). Determining if a teacher has the skills and knowledge to be effective has never been an issue, but whetherRead MoreThe Field Of School Psychology866 Words   |  4 Pagesin defining the primary roles and functions of the first school psychologists. These tests were used in differentiating students with different abilities and achievement levels. They became the main instruments used by psychologists in school or educational settings. It wasn’t until 1945 that the American Psychological Association (APA) classified School Psychology as a specialty. The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) was then formed in 1969 allowing the profession a more secureRead MoreInformed Consent Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesare the guidelines or standards used by researchers when setting up a study. Ethical research studies abide by the guidelines set up by the American Psychological Association (APA). They need to understand concept of risk to benefit ratio. One of the ethical guidelines explored in this paper is informed consent and the impact on psychological research. Under the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, section 8.02 explains informed consent. Research is important but guidelinesRead MoreValues And Ethics Of The National Association Of Social Workers902 Words   |  4 PagesValues and Ethics The National Association of Social Workers have provided the Code of Ethics as a set of guidelines for social workers to follow in order to assure they are practicing in an ethical manner. These guidelines have been revised to address any additional information or critiques that are necessary for quality conduct that have arisen since the first edition that was drafted in 1960. They strive to address core values, such as â€Å"service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person

Cross Cultural Management - 2297 Words

The purpose of this essay to demonstrate the cultural differences between the UK manager going to work as an expatriate manager in Colombia. By taking into consideration Hofstede, Bond, Trompenaars and other cross cultural management researchers to advise the UK manager about the Colombian culture, taking into consideration the differences between leadership styles, decision making, recruitment and selection, motivation, planning and team versus individual working.The reason for selecting Colombia was that according to the results by Geert Hofstede, these two countries are very opposite to one another. Therefore it will be good to compare the differences and the similarities between the countries’ culture. According to Adler (1983) Cross†¦show more content†¦Colombian’s societies are strongly from birth onwards integrated into strong groups, this is often extended family. (Hofstede and Bond, 1988) Colombian people would openly express emotions even in business circumstances, whereas the British would consider such display unprofessional. (Helen Deresky, 2003) UK managers separates work, relationships and personal issues, they compartmentalise their private lives and work, they are more direct and open, whereas in an diffused oriented cultures, such as Colombia, there is spill over from work into personal relationships. (Helen Deresky, 2003) According to Edward Hall Britain is a monochronic time society. To British citizens time is precious and limited resource, it is to be scheduled, saved, and also spent with precision, for the British time is money, and the clock is at all times running. Therefore, schedules and deadlines must to be met, and when others are not on time for meetings, British may feel insulted, when meetings digress from their purpose, British tend to become impatient. (Mcfarlin et al, 2011) However in Colombia attitude toward time is â€Å"manana† meaning tomorrow. From Edward Hall research, Colombian is a polychonic time society.Show MoreRelatedCross Cultural Management4004 Words   |  17 Pagesthe various cross cultural problems and adjustments which the company has to make in order to succeed in India and China. The Conclusion has been drawn after the extensive research in different cross cultural areas where making a small adjustment will make a big difference. To support our research we have used various models which have been discussed by the famous author’s like Hofstede and Trompenaar’s. It also highlights the implications of these cultural differences on management and team member’sRead MoreCross Cultural Management in IKEA4863 Words   |  20 PagesAs globalization steadily gains momentum in the corporate world, the knowledge of cross cultural management has become looked upon as a necessity rather than an option. With virtually all business today being conducted in or affected by the global environment, understanding management across borders is crucial for a successful company to operate. International managers must have knowledge in all aspects of culture, including the countries economical, political, and legal functions. Containing moreRead MoreKey Challenges in Cross Cultural Management1071 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The topic of cross-cultural management is becoming increasingly popular. As more and more organizations expand globally, people from culturally diverse backgrounds have recognized the need to work together effectively by learning to be culturally sensitive. Although it appears that managing virtual teams is more complex than managing traditionally aligned teams, success of virtual teams in software fields would suggest otherwise. This paper focuses on the interactions of peopleRead MoreCross-Cultural Human Resources Management2330 Words   |  10 PagesCross-Cultural Human Resources Management Abstract: As human resources management and organizational culture are closely related, it is very meaningful to study human resource management from the cultural and cross-cultural perspective. Effective management of cross cultural human resources is the guarantee of Chinese enterprises running successfully under cross cultural background and region. The article concerns that the following aspects should be understanding of the cross-cultural human resourcesRead MoreCross Cultural Management of Japan United States1020 Words   |  5 PagesCross Cultural Management of Japan United States One concern of the merger between these two companies involves group interaction and sense of space. People in the United States take great pride in themselves on individualism and informality. The Japanese culture values groups and formality. People in the United States admire a person who excels above everyone else. If this merger takes place and it makes the price of stock to rise, the American company might want to buy more stock andRead MoreUnderstanding National Culture : Cross Cultural Management1500 Words   |  6 Pagestarget, it will proceed to explain these approaches one by one using different in business examples, discussing the main criticisms and concluding with the importance of these for international business. â€Æ' 2. - Approaches to National Culture Cross Cultural management explains the behaviour of people in organizations worldwide, helping managers and firms to understand how to act in business matters dealing with the different cultures. (Adler, 2008) Analysing it in depth, several theories exist but thisRead MoreCross Cultural Management Between China And Australia1498 Words   |  6 Pagesexamines Hofstede’s cultural framework and suggests that Hofstede’s cultural framework is an outstanding and authoritative tool to analyze culture differences. In this essay, cultural frameworks will be discussed firstly, following by a discussion of my cultural scores and background. Finally, recommendations on cross-cultural management between China and Australia will be provided. Discussion of cultural frameworks Geert Hofstede developed the widely applied Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, whichRead MoreCross Cultural Management, And Ethics And Global Business Essay1960 Words   |  8 PagesReflecting upon the lectures of Cross-Cultural management was very useful in linking the theory I learned with the experience I had, especially, it provided the opportunity to ‘step back’ from the decisions I made and helped to identify the reasons of my behaviour in different cross-cultural situations. Moreover, commenting upon past experience brought the chance to further develop social and communication skills, strengthen cultural sensitivity and open-mindedness which are of a paramount significanceRead MoreEssay about Report on Cross-Cultural Management1127 Words   |  5 PagesFuture of Management Principles of Management â€Æ' Table of Contents iii. Executive Summary iv. Introduction iv. The Contemporary Perspective v. Issues and Challenges vii. Recommendations based on Management Perspective vii. Summary viii. Bibliography Executive Summary This paper is a report on cross-cultural management, with the issues related to cross-cultural management being discussed in the paper. Additionally, the report has produced the future way of cross-cultural management, includingRead MoreCommunication as a Cross-Cultural Challenge for International Management18350 Words   |  74 Pages               COMMUNICATION   AS   A   CROSS- ­Ã¢â‚¬ CULTURAL   CHALLENGE       FOR   INTERNATIONAL   MANAGEMENT    A   CASE   STUDY   OF   GINA   TRICOT    Paper   within:       Bachelor   Thesis   in   Business    Administration       Authors:                Tutor:          Frida   Mordenfeld       Sandra   Johansson          Pamela   Hinojosa   Giron             Zehra   Sayed

Torispherical Head Tank Volume Free Essays

Calculating Tank Volume Saving time, increasing accuracy By Dan Jones, Ph. D. , P. We will write a custom essay sample on Torispherical Head Tank Volume or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. C alculating fluid volume in a horizontal or vertical cylindrical or elliptical tank can be complicated, depending on fluid height and the shape of the heads (ends) of a horizontal tank or the bottom of a vertical tank. Exact equations now are available for several commonly encountered tank shapes. These equations can be used to make rapid and accurate fluid-volume calculations. All equations are rigorous, but computational difficulties will arise in certain limiting configurations. All volume equations give fluid volumes in cubic units from tank dimensions in consistent linear units. All variables defining tank shapes required for tank volume calculations are defined in the â€Å"Variables and Definitions† sidebar. Graphically, Figs. 1 and 2 show horizontal tank variables and Figs. 3 and 4 show vertical tank variables. Exact fluid volumes in elliptical horizontal or vertical tanks can be found by first calculating the fluid volumes of appropriate cylindrical horizontal or vertical tanks using the equations described above, and then by adjusting those results using appropriate correction formulas. Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks Fluid volume as a function of fluid height can be calculated for a horizontal cylindrical tank with either conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, or torispherical heads where the fluid height, h, is measured from the tank bottom to the fluid surface, see Figs. 1 and 2. A guppy head is a conical head where the apex of the conical head is level with the top of the cylindrical section of the tank as shown in Fig. 1. A torispherical head is an ASME-type head defined by a knuckle-radius parameter, k, and a dish-radius parameter, f, as shown in Fig. 2. An ellipsoidal head must be exactly half of an ellipsoid of revolution; only a hemiellipsoid is valid – no â€Å"segment† of an ellipsoid will work as is true in the case of a spherical head where the head may be a spherical segment. For a spherical head, |a| ? R, where R is the radius of the cylindrical tank body. Where concave conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, or torispherical heads are considered, then |a| ? L/2. Both heads of a horizontal cylindrical tank must be identical for the equations to work; i. e. , if one head is conical, the other must be conical with the same dimensions. However, the equations can be combined to deal with fluid volume calculations of horizontal tanks with heads of different shapes. For instance, if a horizontal cylindrical tank has a conical head on one end and an ellipsoidal head on the other end, calculate fluid volumes of two tanks, one with conical heads and the other with ellipsoidal heads, and average the results to get the desired fluid volume. The heads of a horizontal tank may be flat (a = 0), convex (a 0), or concave (a 0). The following variables must be within the ranges stated: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ |a| ? R for spherical heads |a| ? L/2 for concave ends 0 ? ? 2R for all tanks f 0. 5 for torispherical heads 0 ? k ? 0. 5 for torispherical heads D0 L? 0 Page 1 of 12 Variables and Definitions (See Figs. 1-5) a is the distance a horizontal tank’s heads extend beyond (a ; 0) or into (a ; 0) its cylindrical section or the depth the bottom extends below the cylindrical section of a ver tical tank. For a horizontal tank with flat heads or a vertical tank with a flat bottom a = 0. Af is the cross-sectional area of the fluid in a horizontal tank’s cylindrical section. D is the diameter of the cylindrical section of a horizontal or vertical tank. DH, DW are the height and width, respectively, of the ellipse defining the cross section of the body of a horizontal elliptical tank. DA, DB are the major and minor axes, respectively, of the ellipse defining the cross section of the body of a vertical elliptical tank. f is the dish-radius parameter for tanks with torispherical heads or bottoms; fD is the dish radius. h is the height of fluid in a tank measured from the lowest part of the tank to the fluid surface. k is the knuckle-radius parameter for tanks with torispherical heads or bottoms; kD is the knuckle radius. L is the length of the cylindrical section of a horizontal tank. R is the radius of the cylindrical section of a horizontal or vertical tank. r is the radius of a spherical head for a horizontal tank or a spherical bottom of a vertical tank. Vf is the fluid volume, of fluid depth h, in a horizontal or vertical cylindrical tank. Page 2 of 12 Horizontal Tank Equations Here are the specific equations for fluid volumes in horizontal cylindrical tanks with conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, and torispherical heads (use radian angular measure for all trigonometric functions, and D/2 = R 0 for all equations): Conical heads. Vf = A f L + K †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 0 ? h R 2 aR2 ? ? / 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ h = R 3 ? ? K †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. R h ? 2 R 1 ? 2 M 1 ? M2 M M= R? h R K ? cos ? 1 M + M 3 cosh ? 1 Ellipsoidal heads. Vf = A f L + ? a h 2 1 ? Guppy heads. h 3R Vf = A f L + 2aR2 2a h cos ? 1 1 ? + 2 Rh ? h 2 (2 h ? 3 R )(h + R ) 3 R 9R Spherical heads. 3R 2 + a 2 6 ? a 3R 2 + a 2 3 h ? a h2 1 ? 3R Vf = A f L + a a ?a ( ( ) ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. h = R, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. h = D, a ? R a ? R †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. .. h = 0 or a = 0, R, ? R 2 2r3 R2 ? r w R2 + r w z R cos ? 1 2+ + cos ? 1 ? 3 R (w ? r ) R(w + r ) r r ? 2 w r2 ? R cos ? 1 w R a ? 0. 01D y 4w y z w3 tan ? 1 + 3 z 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . h ? R, D; a ? 0, R, ? R; a R2 ? x 2 2 r 2 ? x 2 tan ? 1 dx ? A f z a r 2 ? R2 w a2 + R2 2|a| ( ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . h ? R, D; a ? 0, R, ? R; a 0. 01D r= a? 0 ; a =  ± r ? r 2 ? R2 + ( ? ) for convex (concave ) heads w ? R? h y ? 2 R h ? h2 z ? r 2 ? R2 Page 3 of 12 Torispherical heads. In the Vf equation, use +(-) for convex(concave) heads. Vf = A f L  ± 2 [ 2 v 1,max ? v 1 (h = D ? h) + v 2,max + v 3,max ] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. h 2 ? h ? D 2 ( v 1,max + v 2 + v 3 ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 v1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 0 ? h ? h1 h1 h h 2 2kDh? h2 v1 ? 0 kD cos ? n 2 sin ? 1 n 2 cos ? 1 n2 ? w 2 ? w n 2 ? w 2 dx n g w ? w n 2 ? w 2 + g n 2 ? g 2 dx ? cos ? 1 n n 2 v2 ? 0 g g2 + r w z r3 g2 ? r w 2+ cos ? 1 + cos ? 1 ? r g(w + r ) r 3 g (w ? ) v3 ? g cos ? 1 g2 ? w 2 w3 w tan ? 1 ? w r2 ? 3 z g †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 0. 5 f ? 10 + w z g2 ? w 2 6 g2 ? x 2 z + wz 2 2 g (h ? h1 ) ? (h ? h1 ) 2 (r 2 ? x 2 tan ? 1 ) dx ? w z 2 w 2 g cos ? 1 ? w 2g(h ? h1 ) ? (h ? h1 ) 2 g 0. 5 f 10,000 v 2,max ? v 2 (h = h 2 ) v 3,max ? v 3 (h = h 2 ) = v 1,max ? v 1 (h = h1 ) ? a1 6 ( 3g 2 2 + a1 ) a 1 ? r ( 1 ? cos ? ) r ? fD h 2 ? D ? h1 w ? R? h z ? r 2 ? g 2 = f D cos ? = r cos ? ? ? sin ? 1 1? 2k = cos ? 1 2 (f ? k ) 4 f 2 ? 8 f k + 4k ? 1 2 (f ? k ) h1 ? k D (1 ? sin ? ) n ? R ? k D + k 2D 2 ? 2 g ? f D sin ? = r sin ? In the above equations, Vf is the total volume of fluid in the tank in cubic units consistent with the linear units of tank dimension parameters, and Af is the cross-sectional area of fluid in the cylindrical body of the tank in square units consistent with the linear units used for R and h. The equation for Af is given by: A f = R 2 cos ? 1 R? h ? (R ? h) 2 R h ? h 2 R Page 4 of 12 Figure 1. Parameters for Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks with Conical, Ellipsoidal, Guppy, or Spherical Heads. Spherical head Cylindrical Tube Hemiellipsoid head r(sphere) D Guppy head Conical head a (cone; guppy) a(sphere) R h a(ellipsoid) L Af Fluid cross-sectional area CROSS SECTION OF CYLINDRICAL TUBE h 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Both heads of a tank must be identical. Above diagram is for definition of parameters only. Cylindrical tube of diameter D (D 0), radius R (R 0), and length L (L ? 0). For spherical head of radius r, r ? R and |a| ? R. For convex head other than spherical, 0 a ? , for concave head a 0. L ? 0 for a ? 0, L ? 2|a| for a 0. Ellipsoidal head must be exactly half of an ellipsoid of revolution. 0 ? h ? D. Page 5 of 12 Figure 2. Parameters for Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks with Torispherical Heads. kD h2 R D ? fD h h1 Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Examples L The following examples can be used to check application of the equations: Find the volumes of fluid, in gallons, in horizontal cylindrical tanks 108†³ in diameter with cylinder lengths of 156†³, with conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, and â€Å"standard† ASME torispherical (f = 1, k = 0. 06) heads, each head extending beyond the ends of the cylinder 42†³ (except torispherical), for fluid depths in the tanks of 36†³ (example 1) and 84†³ (example 2). Calculate five times for each fluid depth – for a conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, and torispherical head. For example 1 the parameters are D = 108†³, L = 156†³, a = 42†³, h = 36†³, f = 1, and k = 0. 06. The fluid volumes are 2,041. 19 Gal for conical heads, 2,380. 96 Gal for ellipsoidal heads, 1,931. 72 Gal for guppy heads, 2,303. 96 Gal for spherical heads, and 2,028. 63 Gal for torispherical heads. For example 2 the parameters are D = 108†³, L = 156†³, a = 42†³, h = 84†³, f = 1, and k = 0. 06. The fluid volumes are 6,180. 54 Gal for conical heads, 7,103. 45 Gal for ellipsoidal heads, 5,954. 1 Gal for guppy heads, 6,935. 16 Gal for spherical heads, and 5,939. 90 Gal for torispherical heads. For torispherical heads, ‘a’ is not required input; it can be calculated from f, k, and D. torispherical-head examples, the calculated value is ‘a’ = 18. 288†³. Page 6 of 12 For these Vertical Cylindrical Tanks Fluid volume in a vertical cylindrical tank with either a conical, ellipsoidal, spherical, or torispherical bottom can be calculated, where the fluid height, h, is measured from the center of the bottom of the tank to the surface of the fluid in the tank. See Figs. 3 and 4 for tank configurations and dimension parameters, which are also defined in the â€Å"Variables and Definitions† sidebar. A torispherical bottom is an ASME-type bottom defined by a knuckle-radius factor and a dish-radius factor as shown graphically in Fig. 4. The knuckle radius will then be kD and the dish radius will be fD. An ellipsoidal bottom must be exactly half of an ellipsoid of revolution. For a spherical bottom, |a| ? R, where a is the depth of the spherical bottom and R is the radius of the cylindrical section of the tank. The following parameter ranges must be observed: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ a ? 0 for all vertical tanks, a ? R for a spherical bottom f 0. 5 for a torispherical bottom 0 ? k ? 0. 5 for a torispherical bottom D0 Vertical Tank Equations Here are the specific equations for fluid volumes in vertical cylindrical tanks with conical, ellipsoidal, spherical, and torispherical bottoms (use radian angular measure for all trigonometric functions, and D 0 for all equations): Conical bottom. ? Dh Vf = 4 4 a 2 h 3 2a 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. h How to cite Torispherical Head Tank Volume, Essay examples